Paul Asel
Direktor/Vorstandsmitglied bei Zubie, Inc.
Aktive Beziehungen
| Name | Geschlecht | Alter | Unternehmensverbindungen | Zusammenarbeit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sriram Yadavalli | M | - |
Sandpiper Labs, Inc.
 Sandpiper Labs, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Gigwalk, Inc. provides a local visibility software platform that facilitates brand and retailer collaboration to drive in-store sales. The firm offers Gigwalk Crowdsourcing is the platform for freelancers to register and find local jobs. It serves companies to small businesses in various industries, including mapping, real estate, retail, local, travel, government, and consumer research. The company was founded by Dave Watanabe, Ariel Seidman and Matt Crampton in October 2010 and is headquartered in San Francisco, CA. | - |
| Matthew Crampton | M | - |
Sandpiper Labs, Inc.
Sandpiper Labs, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Gigwalk, Inc. provides a local visibility software platform that facilitates brand and retailer collaboration to drive in-store sales. The firm offers Gigwalk Crowdsourcing is the platform for freelancers to register and find local jobs. It serves companies to small businesses in various industries, including mapping, real estate, retail, local, travel, government, and consumer research. The company was founded by Dave Watanabe, Ariel Seidman and Matt Crampton in October 2010 and is headquartered in San Francisco, CA. | 14 Jahre |
| Joshua Maa | M | - |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
 Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China.
NGP Capital
 NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 18 Jahre |
| John Gardner | M | 61 |
N.G. Partners II LLC
 N.G. Partners II LLC Financial ConglomeratesFinance N.G. Partners II LLC provides investment management services. The company was founded on April 12, 2007 and is headquartered in Redwood City, CA.
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 19 Jahre |
| Jacob Fellman | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 1 Jahre |
| Kathy Walker | F | 64 |
Zubie, Inc.
 Zubie, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Zubie, Inc. develops and provides vehicle connectivity solutions for personal or business use. Its Zubie mobile phone application features real-time tracking and location, engine and battery status alerts and driver performance reports. The company was founded by Ari Silkey in 2012 and is headquartered in Bloomington, MN. | - |
| Kevin Lau | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 7 Jahre |
| Marshall Lux | M | 64 |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | - |
| Clement Huang | M | - |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China. | 10 Jahre |
| Bernice Crowley | F | - |
Sandpiper Labs, Inc.
Sandpiper Labs, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Gigwalk, Inc. provides a local visibility software platform that facilitates brand and retailer collaboration to drive in-store sales. The firm offers Gigwalk Crowdsourcing is the platform for freelancers to register and find local jobs. It serves companies to small businesses in various industries, including mapping, real estate, retail, local, travel, government, and consumer research. The company was founded by Dave Watanabe, Ariel Seidman and Matt Crampton in October 2010 and is headquartered in San Francisco, CA. | - |
| Chad Caswell | M | - |
Zubie, Inc.
Zubie, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Zubie, Inc. develops and provides vehicle connectivity solutions for personal or business use. Its Zubie mobile phone application features real-time tracking and location, engine and battery status alerts and driver performance reports. The company was founded by Ari Silkey in 2012 and is headquartered in Bloomington, MN. | - |
| Hui Jun Zhang | M | - |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China. | - |
| Chad Bown | M | - |
Zubie, Inc.
Zubie, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Zubie, Inc. develops and provides vehicle connectivity solutions for personal or business use. Its Zubie mobile phone application features real-time tracking and location, engine and battery status alerts and driver performance reports. The company was founded by Ari Silkey in 2012 and is headquartered in Bloomington, MN. | - |
| Chang Jun Ruan | M | - |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China. | - |
| Ossi Tiainen | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 3 Jahre |
| Charlie Liang | M | - |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China. | 11 Jahre |
| Robin Anders Lindahl | M | 60 |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 2 Jahre |
| Yao Ge | F | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 13 Jahre |
| Payman Javid | M | - |
Zubie, Inc.
Zubie, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Zubie, Inc. develops and provides vehicle connectivity solutions for personal or business use. Its Zubie mobile phone application features real-time tracking and location, engine and battery status alerts and driver performance reports. The company was founded by Ari Silkey in 2012 and is headquartered in Bloomington, MN. | - |
| Dylan Jiang | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | - |
| Kevin Lu | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | - |
| John Howard | M | 63 |
Stanford University
| 35 Jahre |
| David Tang | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 11 Jahre |
| Justin Jin | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 3 Jahre |
| Divya Raghavan | F | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 4 Jahre |
| Matti Vanska | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 2 Jahre |
| Kuk Yi | M | - |
Zubie, Inc.
Zubie, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Zubie, Inc. develops and provides vehicle connectivity solutions for personal or business use. Its Zubie mobile phone application features real-time tracking and location, engine and battery status alerts and driver performance reports. The company was founded by Ari Silkey in 2012 and is headquartered in Bloomington, MN. | - |
| Gunnar E. Carlsson | M | - |
Stanford University
| 33 Jahre |
| Christian Noske | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 3 Jahre |
| Howard Hartenbaum | M | 57 |
Sandpiper Labs, Inc.
Sandpiper Labs, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Gigwalk, Inc. provides a local visibility software platform that facilitates brand and retailer collaboration to drive in-store sales. The firm offers Gigwalk Crowdsourcing is the platform for freelancers to register and find local jobs. It serves companies to small businesses in various industries, including mapping, real estate, retail, local, travel, government, and consumer research. The company was founded by Dave Watanabe, Ariel Seidman and Matt Crampton in October 2010 and is headquartered in San Francisco, CA. | - |
| Lance T. LeMay | M | - |
Zubie, Inc.
Zubie, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Zubie, Inc. develops and provides vehicle connectivity solutions for personal or business use. Its Zubie mobile phone application features real-time tracking and location, engine and battery status alerts and driver performance reports. The company was founded by Ari Silkey in 2012 and is headquartered in Bloomington, MN. | 12 Jahre |
| Irving L. Weissman | M | 84 |
Stanford University
| 35 Jahre |
| Jens Due Olsen | M | 60 |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | - |
| Noritada Hosokawa | M | 83 |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China. | 13 Jahre |
| Scott Wayne Bonham | M | 62 |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | - |
| Upal Basu | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 16 Jahre |
| Monica N. Johnson | F | 60 |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | - |
| Richard Douglas Rivers | M | - |
Stanford University
| 35 Jahre |
| John M. Barnes | M | - |
Zubie, Inc.
Zubie, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Zubie, Inc. develops and provides vehicle connectivity solutions for personal or business use. Its Zubie mobile phone application features real-time tracking and location, engine and battery status alerts and driver performance reports. The company was founded by Ari Silkey in 2012 and is headquartered in Bloomington, MN. | - |
| Gary M. Glazer | M | - |
Stanford University
| 35 Jahre |
| Stephen J. Smith | M | 78 |
Stanford University
| 35 Jahre |
| Homaira Akbari | M | 63 |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | - |
| Michael C. Dearing | M | - |
Sandpiper Labs, Inc.
Sandpiper Labs, Inc. Packaged SoftwareTechnology Services Gigwalk, Inc. provides a local visibility software platform that facilitates brand and retailer collaboration to drive in-store sales. The firm offers Gigwalk Crowdsourcing is the platform for freelancers to register and find local jobs. It serves companies to small businesses in various industries, including mapping, real estate, retail, local, travel, government, and consumer research. The company was founded by Dave Watanabe, Ariel Seidman and Matt Crampton in October 2010 and is headquartered in San Francisco, CA. | - |
| Xiao Lin Zhong | M | 59 |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China. | - |
| Wendy Wang | F | - |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China. | - |
| Bobby Ding | M | - |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China. | 17 Jahre |
| Esko Tapani Aho | M | 70 |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | - |
| Jack P. Dvorkin | M | - |
Stanford University
| 35 Jahre |
| Bo Ilsoe | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 16 Jahre |
| Dan Wong | M | - |
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. Advertising/Marketing ServicesCommercial Services Shanghai Yidong Advertising Co., Ltd. provides mobile media and advertising services. The firm offers MadSolutions, which include mobile marketing solutions and campaign management services. Its MadSolutions operates an interactive messaging platform, as well as involves in building, designing, and optimizing mobile phone WAP sites for corporations and campaigns. The company was founded in 2006 by Joshua Maa and is headquartered in Shanghai, China. | 14 Jahre |
| Yuen Kwan Tang | M | 69 |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | - |
| Atte Honkasalo | M | - |
NGP Capital
NGP Capital Investment ManagersFinance NGP Capital (NGP Capital) is a venture capital subsidiary of Nokia Oyj founded in 2005 by John Gardner and Paul Asel. The firm is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | 2 Jahre |
Beziehungs-Chart
Beziehungen zu mehreren Unternehmen
Ehemalige Beziehungen
| Name | Geschlecht | Alter | Unternehmensverbindungen | Zusammenarbeit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michael L. Ehrman | M | 50 |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Lawrence S. Malkin | M | - |
Stanford University
| 4 Jahre |
| Clark E. Cohen | M | - |
Stanford University
| 4 Jahre |
| Jeffrey Bede | M | - |
Stanford University
| 4 Jahre |
| Larry Santoro | M | 64 |
Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.
Dartmouth College
| 4 Jahre |
| Colin S. McNay | M | - |
Dartmouth College
| 8 Jahre |
| Teresa Kong | F | - |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Chris Jones | M | 56 |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Gregory Malcom Tusher | M | - |
Stanford University
| 10 Jahre |
| Timur Yarnall | M | - |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Alex Kunczynski | M | - |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Ashley Johnson | F | 52 |
Stanford University
| 6 Jahre |
| Robert Neivert | M | - |
Stanford University
| 3 Jahre |
| Cipora Herman | F | 50 |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Jonathan Farrington Weed | M | - |
Dartmouth College
| 6 Jahre |
| Douglas Flanzer | M | - |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Julia Sze | F | 57 |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Theodora Varvarigou | M | - |
Stanford University
| 4 Jahre |
| Márcio Gomes Pinto Garcia | M | 64 |
Stanford University
| 3 Jahre |
| Jené Elzie | F | 49 |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| YONG TAO | M | - |
Stanford University
| 7 Jahre |
| Kathleen Hebert | F | - |
Dartmouth College
Stanford University
| 7 Jahre |
| Tobin C. Island | M | 57 |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Shahin Sharifzadeh | M | 59 |
Stanford University
| 4 Jahre |
| David ibnAle | M | 52 |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Trevor Loy | M | - |
Stanford University
| 10 Jahre |
| Stelleo Tolda | M | 55 |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| James Chapman | M | 61 |
Dartmouth College
| 5 Jahre |
| Jason Terrance Holzer | M | 52 |
Stanford University
| 4 Jahre |
| Susan A. McCormack | F | - |
Dartmouth College
Stanford University
| 7 Jahre |
| Xin He Lin | M | 59 |
Dartmouth College
Stanford University
| 7 Jahre |
| Darius C. Brooks | M | - |
Stanford University
| 4 Jahre |
| Eric Selmon | M | - |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Keith P. R. Quinton | M | - |
Dartmouth College
| 6 Jahre |
| T. J. Jubeir | M | - |
Stanford University
| 4 Jahre |
| Ian Patrick Sobieski | M | - |
Stanford University
| 6 Jahre |
| Robert Brown | M | - |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Peter L. Woicke | M | 81 |
International Finance Corp.
 International Finance Corp. SupranationalGovernment International Finance Corp. (IFC) operates as a global development institution. It is an organization that fosters sustainable economic growth in developing countries by financing private sector investment, mobilizing capital in the international financial markets and providing advisory services to businesses and governments. The firm operates through three segments: Investment Services, Treasury Services and Advisory Services. The Investment Services segment offers loans, equities, debt securities, trade and supply chain finance and client risk management services. The Treasury Services segment consists of the borrowing, liquid asset management, asset and liability management, and client risk management activities. The company was founded in 1956 and is headquartered in Washington, DC. | 6 Jahre |
| Jeffrey Loomans | M | - |
Stanford University
| 4 Jahre |
| Tristram E. Collins | M | 60 |
Dartmouth College
| 4 Jahre |
| Michelangelo Volpi | M | 57 |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| John D. Knoll | M | 52 |
Stanford University
| 11 Jahre |
| Joan Midthun Larrea | F | 58 |
International Finance Corp.
International Finance Corp. SupranationalGovernment International Finance Corp. (IFC) operates as a global development institution. It is an organization that fosters sustainable economic growth in developing countries by financing private sector investment, mobilizing capital in the international financial markets and providing advisory services to businesses and governments. The firm operates through three segments: Investment Services, Treasury Services and Advisory Services. The Investment Services segment offers loans, equities, debt securities, trade and supply chain finance and client risk management services. The Treasury Services segment consists of the borrowing, liquid asset management, asset and liability management, and client risk management activities. The company was founded in 1956 and is headquartered in Washington, DC. | 9 Jahre |
| Robert Kalman | M | - |
Stanford University
| 6 Jahre |
| Robert E. Burwell | M | - |
Stanford University
| 7 Jahre |
| David Lam | M | - |
Stanford University
| 5 Jahre |
| Andy L. Evans | M | 62 |
Dartmouth College
Stanford University
| 8 Jahre |
| Ahmed Farooq | M | - |
Stanford University
| 6 Jahre |
Statistik
| Land | Beziehungen | % des Gesamten |
|---|---|---|
| Vereinigte Staaten | 91 | 91,00% |
| China | 10 | 10,00% |
Alter der Beziehungen
Aktive
Vergangene
Herr
Frau
Aufsichtsräte
Führungskräfte
Ursprung der Beziehungen