Mohamed Lamine Bougueroua

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. (DBSI) is a SEC-registered broker/dealer headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1971 and is a wholly-owned investment banking and brokerage arm of DB U.S. Financial Markets Holding Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (NYSE: DB, FRA: DBK) in Germany. DBSI provides securities brokerage and investment advisory services to domestic and international private clients and institutions. They are also a primary dealer in US government securities as designated by the Federal Reserve.

Newton Investment Management Ltd. (Newton) is the wholly-owned, Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Newton Management Ltd., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK) (BNY Mellon) in the US. The firm was founded in 1978 as a joint venture with Scottish insurance broker Reed Stenhouse. In 1986 they were acquired by Alexander & Alexander and were renamed Newton Investment Management. Headquartered in London, Newton provides investment products and services to a wide range of clients, such as pension funds, charities, corporations and individuals (via BNY Mellon). Newton is a signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI).

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

Numis Securities Ltd. is an institutional brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 and is a subsidiary of Numis Corp. Plc in (LON: NUM). Numis Securities serves as a corporate broker to several clients across all their sectors, ranging from FTSE 100 to FTSE small-cap companies and AIM-listed companies.

BNP Paribas (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1986. BNP Paribas (London Branch) offers a wide range of products and services to corporate, institutional, commodities, market making and broking clients.

AXA Investment Managers UK Ltd. (AXA IM-UK) is the UK-based investment subsidiary of AXA Framlington Group Ltd., itself a subsidiary of AXA SA (XP: CS, ADR: AXAHY) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1979. AXA IM-UK manages a diverse range of pooled funds and offers tailor-made investment products for liability management. They specialize in institutional pension fund management and individual retirement savings products.

Capital International Ltd. (Capital UK) is the Great Britain-based investment subsidiary of Capital Group International Inc., itself a subsidiary of The Capital Group Cos., Inc. in the US. The firm do-business-as Capital Research & Management Co. (UK Branch). Headquartered in London, Capital UK was founded in 1982 and provides discretionary investment management services to segregated institutional clients in the UK and across Europe.

Sanford C. Bernstein Ltd. is a securities brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. They are a subsidiary of Alliancebernstein Corp. of Delaware, ultimately held by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH) in the US. Founded in 1999, the firm provides fundamental research and full service execution services to institutional clients globally. They offer bottom-up coverage and portfolio strategies supported by sophisticated quantitative tools.

First Sentier Investors (Singapore) (FSI SG) is the investment subsidiary of First State Investment Holdings (Singapore), ultimately held by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8306) in Japan. The firm was founded 1969 as CMG First State Singapore and became First State Investments (Singapore) in 2002. They changed its name to First Sentier Investors (Singapore) in 2020. Headquartered in Singapore, FSI SG manages asset on behalf of clients that include institutional investors, pension funds, wholesale distributors and platforms, financial advisers and their clients. The First State group is a signatory to the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

First Sentier Investors (Hong Kong) Ltd. (FSIHK) is a registered investment adviser headquartered in Hong Kong. The firm was founded in 1987 and previously known as CMG First State Hong Kong and as First State Investors (Hong Kong) Ltd. They are a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of First Sentier Investors Asia Holdings Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8306, NYSE: MUFG) in Japan. FSIHK provides discretionary investment management services primarily to non-US institutional clients and pooled investment vehicles or funds that invest in a number of asset classes. They also provide investment advisory services to a group affiliate located in the US.

Irevna Research Services Ltd. (IRS) is the research firm subsidiary of Crisil Ltd., which is ultimately held by S&P Global, Inc. (NYSE: SPGI). The firm is headquartered in Chennai, India. IRS provides research and analytics services. Their services also include custom research, equity and credit research services, business and marketing analytics across sectors such as technology, telecom, energy, materials, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and consumer packaged goods.

Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc (MSCI) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSCI provides a range of brokerage services to corporations, governments and financial institutions.

First Sentier Investors (Australia) IM Ltd. (FSIAIM) is the wholly-owned Australian asset management subsidiary of First Sentier Investors Holdings Pty Ltd., ultimately held by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (MUFG) (TYO: 8306) in Japan. The firm was founded as Colonial First State Asset Management (Australia) Ltd. (CFSAMA) in 2005 as a separate business from the retail product distribution services offered by Colonial First State Investments. Headquartered in Barangaroo, FSIAIM provides investment, superannuation and retirement products to individuals as well as corporate and superannuation fund investors. Their clients are institutional investors and accredited investors.

Sculptor Capital Management Europe Ltd. (Sculptor Capital Europe) is the wholly-owned, Great Britain-based alternative asset management subsidiary of Sculptor Capital LP, itself a subsidiary of Sculptor Capital Management, Inc. (NYSE: SCU) in the US. The firm was founded in 1998 and was formerly known as Och-Ziff Management Europe Ltd. Headquartered in London, Sculptor Capital Europe manages alternative investments for individuals, family offices, pensions, foundation and endowments, private banks, funds of funds, corporate and other institutional clients.

HSBC Bank Plc (Broker) (HSBC Bank-Broker) is the broker/dealer division of HSBC Bank Plc, which is owned by HSBC Holdings Plc (LON: HSBA; NYSE: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC Bank-Broker was founded in 1880 and offers bespoke brokerage services across every major asset class for their corporate and institutional clients.

Van Lanschot Kempen NV (Broker) (Van Lanschot Kempen-Broker) is the broker-dealer division of Van Lanschot Kempen NV (AMS: VLK), a financial institution headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The firm was founded in 1903 and formerly known as Kempen & Co. NV. Van Lanschot Kempen-Broker provides securities broking to institutional investors, companies, financial institutions, (semi) public institutions, foundations and high net-worth individual clients.

Millennium Capital Partners LLP (MCP) is an alternative investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2005 and is a subsidiary of Millennium Capital Management Ltd., ultimately held by Millennium Management LLC in the US. MCP manages assets for high-net worth individuals, institutions, trusts, foundations, pensions, the General Partner, related Millennium entities and Millennium employees.

Chikara Investments LLP (Chikara) is an alternative investment manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm was co-founded by Angus Coupland and D. Richard Cardiff in 2005 as Coupland Cardiff Asset Management LLP. They are a subsidiary of CCAM Asia Ltd., which is owned by Coupland Cardiff Management (Cayman) Ltd. The firm manages capacity constrained, index agnostic, long only strategies on behalf of pension funds, family offices and other institutions. Chikara is a signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Deutsche Bank AG (Broker) is the brokerage arm of Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. Headquartered in Frankfurt, the firm was founded in 1870 and offers FX Prime Brokerage (FXPB) which enables clients to transact foreign exchange across an array of dealers utilizing Deutsche Bank credit lines to maintain anonymity, maximize operational and margin efficiency and reduce transactional costs.

RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (RBC GAM-UK) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada Holdings UK Ltd., ultimately held by Royal Bank of Canada (TSE, NYSE: RY) in Canada. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1998. RBC GAM-UK provides equity and fixed income solutions to a broad range of institutional clients.

Redburn (Europe) Ltd. (dba Redburn Atlantic) is an equity brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2003 by Jeremy Evans and Nick Glydon. They are a wholly owned subsidiary of Rothschild & Co. Continuation Holdings AG, ultimately owned by Rothschild & Co SCA. (EPA: ROTH) in France. Redburn Atlantic provides institutional investors with US and European equity research, trade execution and capital markets services. Their Execution Services division delivers high-touch sales trading and execution as well as low-touch execution and algorithmic solutions. The division also offers market structure and trading analytics.

Deutsche Bank (Suisse) SA (Broker) (Deutsche Bank Switzerland) is the securities brokerage division of Switzerland-based Deutsche Bank (Suisse) SA, which is owned by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm is headquartered in Zurich and was founded in 1980. Deutsche Bank Switzerland is responsible for macro and microanalysis within Deutsche Bank Group and acts as consultant for the bank, its clients and stakeholders. They analyze relevant trends for the bank in financial markets, the economy and society and highlight risks and opportunities. The firm delivers high-quality, independent analysis and actively promotes public debate on economic, fiscal, labor market and social policy issues.

Canaccord Genuity Ltd. (CGL) is the brokerage subsidiary of Canaccord Genuity Group, Inc. (TSE: CF). The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1983. CGL provides brokerage services to their clients.

Hammer Partners SA is a privately-owned, Swiss investment research firm which was founded by Antonio Biffi in 2009. Headquartered in Chiasso, the firm provides high-conviction calls for institutional and private investors over both short and long-term time horizons. Hammer Partners produces research reports, a morning mail of ideas and a weekly wrap-up.

Clean Energy Partners LLP (Glennmont Partners) is an investment firm founded by by Stephen Scott Lawrence in 2007. The firm headquartered in London.

Jefferies International Ltd. (JIL) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Jefferies Holdings II Ltd., ultimately held by Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE: JEF) in the US. JIL provides broking services to various investors.

AMP Capital Investors (UK) Ltd. (AMPCI) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2005 and is a subsidiary of AMP Capital Investors International Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately held by AMP Ltd. (ASX: AMP) in Australia. AMPCI provides investment advisory and management services to individual and institutional clients.

Puridify Ltd. develops bioprocessing technologies. It develops a platform purification technology that will improve processing opportunities and reduce costs. The company was founded by Oliver Hardick, Iwan Thomas Roberts and Thomas Edward Haywood in 2013 and is headquartered in Stevenage, the United Kingdom.

Veritas Investment Associates SAS (VIA) is an independent asset manager headquartered in Paris, France. The firm was founded by Guillaume Dolisi and Laurent Pla in 2015. VIA manages Systematic Equity and Alternative Liquid UCITS funds.

Aikya Investment Management Ltd. is an independent, British employee-owned investment management company that specializes in managing Emerging Markets equity portfolios. The private company is based in London, UK, and has subsidiaries in the United States. The company's purpose is to generate compelling long-term returns by investing in sustainable businesses in Emerging Markets. Aikya Australia Unit Trust fund aims to achieve long-term capital growth by investing in equities in emerging market economies. The CEO of the company is Ashish Swarup.

Exane SA (United Kingdom) is the UK-based securities brokerage division of Exane SA in France, which is owned by BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP). Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 2019 and provides institutional investors with a range of services, such as research, sale and execution on European equities.