Hugh Young

The Emerging Markets Telecommunications Fund, Inc. is a closed-end, non-diversified management investment company. The Fund invests in wireless telecommunications services and diversified telecommunication services sectors. It invests in countries, such as Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America and other countries. Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC serves as the Fund's investment adviser. The Company is headquartered in New York.

The Indonesia Fund, Inc. is a closed-end non-diversified management investment company. The Fund seeks capital appreciation as a primary objective and income as a secondary objective by investing primarily in Indonesian securities. The Fund invests in securities of foreign countries and governments. The Fund invests in sectors such as automobiles, commercial banks, construction materials, diversified telecommunication services, oil, gas & consumable fuels and machinery. Credit Suisse Asset Management LLC (Credit Suisse LLC) served as the Fund's investment adviser until April 30, 2009. The Fund's administrator is Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited serves as the Fund's investment adviser

First Israel Fund, Inc. is a closed ended mutual fund. The Fund may invest up to 80% of its total assets in 'Asian debt securities', and may be denominated in an Asian Country currency or in Australian, New Zealand or U.S. dollars.

The Latin America Equity Fund, Inc. (formerly known as The Latin America Investment Fund, Inc.) (the 'Company'), a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Maryland, confirms its agreement with Aberdeen Asset Management Investment Services Limited (the 'Adviser'), a corporation organized under the laws of United Kingdom

Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end management investment company. Its objective is to provide long-term capital appreciation through investment primarily in equity securities of listed Australian companies. Its secondary objective is current income, which is expected to be derived from dividends and interest on Australian corporate and governmental securities. The company was founded on September 30, 1985 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn New Dawn Investment Trust Plc is a closed-end investment company, which engages in the provision of capital growth through equity investment. The company was founded on May 2, 1989 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Aberdeen New Thai Investment Trust Plc is a closed-end investment fund. Its objective is to provide shareholders with a high level of long-term, above average capital growth through investment in Thailand. The company was founded in December 1989 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

The India Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is long-term capital appreciation, which it seeks to achieve by investing primarily in the equity securities of Indian companies. The company was founded on December 27, 1993 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Standard Investments Ltd (Aberdeen Standard Investments) is a private equity subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd founded in 2017. The firm is headquartered in the Scotland, United Kingdom.

abrdn Asia Focus PLC operates as a closed-end mutual fund. It engages in maximizing total return to shareholders over the long term from a portfolio made up predominantly of smaller quoted companies in Asia. The company was founded on October 19, 1995 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Asia Dragon Trust Plc is a closed-end investment company. Its objective is to provide long-term capital growth through investments in a diversified portfolio of securities in quoted companies spread across a range of industries and economies in the Asia Pacific region, excluding Japan and Australasia. The company was founded on August 12, 1987 and is headquartered in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom.

MGM Advantage Life Ltd. provides financial services, pension products, life insurance, mortgages and annuities to customers in the United Kingdom. The company was founded in 1852 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Aberdeen Singapore Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is capital appreciation, which it seeks through investment primarily in Singapore equity securities as well as invests in in equity securities issued by companies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries. The company was founded on May 31, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. The fund’s principal investment objective is to seek both current income and long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in emerging markets equity securities. It invests its assets in Chilean equity and debt securities. The company was founded on January 30, 1989 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Latin America Equity Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Latin American equity securities. The company was founded on April 17, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Israel Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Israeli equity securities. The company was founded on March 6, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Indonesia Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Indonesian equity and debt securities. The company was founded on January 8, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Investment Co. Ltd. is a closed-end investment company. Its investment objective is to obtain current income and achieve incidental capital appreciation from investment in long-term debt securities. The company was founded on April 15, 1986 and is headquartered in Rarotonga, Cook Islands.

Asia Tigers Fund, Inc. is a closed-end investment fund/investment trust. Its investment objective is to long-term capital appreciation, which seeks to achieve by investing primarily in equity securities. The company was founded on September 23, 1993 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund VCC. The firm’s objective is to obtain current income and achieve incidental capital appreciation from investment in long-term debt securities. The company was founded on 15 April 1986 and headquartered in Singapore.