ALTONA MINING LTD
IRW-PRESS: Altona Mining Ltd.: Altona Mining Ltd.: Neuauflage der definitiven Machbarkeitsstudie
liefert für Kupfer-Goldprojekt Cloncurry deutlich bessere Kennzahlen
Neuauflage der definitiven Machbarkeitsstudie liefert für Kupfer-Goldprojekt Cloncurry
deutlich bessere Kennzahlen
- Ein Highlight unter den wenigen Projektchancen zur Erschließung von Kupfervorkommen
- Genehmigter Tagebau-Großbetrieb in einem Rechtssystem mit qualifizierten
Arbeitskräften und niedrigem Risikoprofil
- Erzreserven im Umfang von 426.000 Tonnen Kupfer und 203.900 Unzen Gold
- Hohe Anfangsproduktion von 39.000 Tonnen Kupfer und 17.200 Unzen Gold in Form von Konzentrat
jährlich
- Cashflow (vor Steuern und Instandhaltungskosten): 1,48 Milliarden AUD über eine erste
Betriebsdauer von 14 Jahren
- Erschließung eines großen Tagebaubetriebs bei Little Eva und 5 kleineren
Satellitenbetrieben
- Errichtung einer herkömmlichen Flotationsanlage mit einer Verarbeitungskapazität von
7 Millionen Tonnen jährlich; Investitionskosten: 288 Millionen ASD
- 150.000 Tonnen reines, marktfähiges Kupfer-Goldkonzentrat pro Jahr
- Durchschnittlicher betrieblicher Cashflow (vor Steuern und Instandhaltungskosten): 141
Millionen ASD jährlich in den ersten 5 Jahren Vollbetrieb
- Kapitalwert vor Steuern (NPV, 7,5 %): 462 Millionen ASD bei 2,95 USD pro Pfund Kupfer und 1.250
USD pro Unze Gold; AUD:USD-Verhältnis: 0,75
- Durchschnittliche Cashkosten über Betriebsdauer der Mine: 1,65 USD pro Pfund Kupfer als
Konzentrat; Gesamt-Cashkosten: 1,92 USD pro Pfund Kupfer als Konzentrat
- Möglichkeiten für Renditensteigerung während der Projektoptimierung
ermittelt
- Möglichkeit der Produktionserweiterung durch Einbindung von Lagerstätten, in denen
ausschließlich Kupfer gefördert wird
Altona Mining Limited (Altona oder das Unternehmen)
(http://www.commodity-tv.net/c/search_adv/?v=297328 ) 2 August 2017 informiert heute über eine
Neuauflage der definitiven Machbarkeitsstudie (DFS) für das Kupferprojekt Cloncurry (Projekt),
das sich 90 Kilometer nordöstlich von Mount Isa im australischen Bundesstaat Queensland
befindet.
Dr Alistair Cowden, Geschäftsführer von Altona, meint dazu: Wir freuen uns sehr
über die Neuauflage der Studie, die einen jährlichen Betriebsüberschuss vor Steuern
und Instandhaltungskosten von rund 141 Millionen ASD ausweist. Dies veranschaulicht die
Wertschöpfung, die wir nach der Projekterschließung generieren können.
Die Studie wurde durchgeführt, um den aktuellen Status des Projekts zu ermitteln. In ihr
sind alle technischen Arbeiten früherer Studien zusammengefasst und eingebunden. Auch eine
Reihe bedeutender Entwicklungen seit der ersten DFS im Mai 2012 und die Neuauflage der DFS im
März 2014, die sich auf Kosten, Einnahmen und Planung auswirken, wurden berücksichtigt. Es
sind dies:
- Neue Ressourcenschätzungen und geologische/geotechnische Modelle der Lagerstätten
Little Eva und Bedford; es sei hier angemerkt, dass diese neuen Schätzungen nicht zur
Generierung neuer Erzreservenschätzungen verwendet wurden.
- Mineralressourcen- und Erzreservenschätzungen für die Lagerstätte Turkey
Creek
- Metallurgische Untersuchungen des Erzes der Lagerstätte Turkey Creek
- Einbindung der Lagerstätte Turkey Creek in die Minenplanung
- Neuplanung und Verlegung der Infrastruktur und Abraumhalden, um Platz für den
Tagebaubetrieb Turkey Creek zu schaffen
- Senkung der Kosten für Bau und Verfahrenstechnik
- Neue Kostenschätzungen
- Mitteilung an die Umweltbehörde zur Berücksichtigung der Einbindung von Turkey
Creek
- Änderung bei den makro-ökonomischen Annahmen
In der Studie wurde außerdem auf eine Reihe von Optimierungspotenzialen hingewiesen, die im
Rahmen der Projektoptimierung berücksichtigt werden sollen:
- Reservenerweiterung durch Umwandlung der abgeleiteten Ressourcen unterhalb des Tagebaubetriebs
Little Eva zu angezeigten Ressourcen
- RC-Bohrungen zur besseren Bewertung von Vererzungsgraden, Verwässerung und
Erzverlusten
- Neues Ressourcenmodell für Little Eva
- Entwicklung eines geotechnischen Modells, das Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten im Minendesign
ausweist
- Optimierung und Entwurf des Tagebaubetriebs Little Eva unter Einplanung niedrigerer
Förderkosten und eines neuen Ressourcenmodells
- Hohes Ressourcenpotenzial in den Satellitenbetrieben
- Berücksichtigung eines höheren Anlagendurchsatzes, wenn die Steigerung der Reserven
eine Erweiterung sinnvoll macht
- Größerer Wasserbedarf aufgrund von höheren Durchsatzmengen
In der Studie wird außerdem empfohlen, die Möglichkeit einer Produktionserweiterung
durch Einbindung von Lagerstätten, in denen ausschließlich Kupfer gefördert wird, in
Betracht zu ziehen; diese Möglichkeit wurde in der DFS nicht berücksichtigt.
Im Vergleich zur DFS 2014 hat die vorliegende Studie deutliche Verbesserungen ergeben:
- Reservensteigerung um 14 % von 375 Tausend Tonnen Kupfer auf 426 Tausend Tonnen Kupfer
- Verlängerung der Betriebsdauer der Mine um 27 % von 11 Jahren auf 14 Jahre
- Steigerung der Einnahmen über die Betriebsdauer der Mine um 24 % von 2,9 Milliarden ASD
auf 3,6 Milliarden ASD
- Erhöhung des Kapitalwerts vor Steuern (NPV) um 34 % von 346 Mio. ASD auf 462 Mio. ASD
- Erhöhung des internen Zinsfußes vor Steuern (IRR) um 24 % von 29 % auf 36 %
Das Projekt umfasst einen großen Tagebaubetrieb bei Little Eva und fünf
Satellitenbetriebe (Turkey Creek, Bedford North und South, Lady Clayre und Ivy Ann). 7 Millionen
Tonnen Erz sollen jährlich in der Verarbeitungsanlage neben Little Eva und Turkey Creek
verarbeitet werden. Für den Bergbaubetrieb Little Eva ergibt sich ein geringes
Abraumverhältnis (Strip Ratio) von 1,8:1 (ohne Pre-Stripping). Die Lebensdauer des Projekts
beträgt vorerst 14 Jahre.
Die Verarbeitungsanlage bei Little Eva besteht aus einem technisch einfachen Brecher-, Mahl- und
Flotationskreislauf; die Investitionskosten vor Produktion einschließlich Pre-Stripping,
Verarbeitungsanlage und zugehörige Infrastruktur belaufen sich damit auf 288 Mio. ASD. Der
Betrieb wird in den ersten 5 Jahren Vollbetrieb jährlich 150.000 Tonnen marktfähiges,
reines Kupfer-Goldkonzentrat mit einem Durchschnittsgehalt von 39.000 Tonnen Kupfer und 17.200 Unzen
Gold pro Jahr produzieren. Bei einer Grobmahlung auf 212 Micron ist eine hohe Metallausbeute von 96
% bei Kupfer und 85 % bei Gold realistisch. Der Erzgehalt des Beschickungsmaterials liegt
durchschnittlich bei 0,6 % Kupfer und 0,1 g/t Gold (ohne geringgradiges Lagergut).
Das Genehmigungsverfahren für das Projekt ist weitgehend abgeschlossen, eine Freigabe der
Umweltbehörde liegt vor und die Bergbaulizenzen wurden gewährt.
Das Executive Summary der DFS finden Sie im Anhang dieser Meldung. Eine neue Tabelle 1 des JORC
2012 Code wurde gesondert veröffentlicht (ASX-Meldung vom 2. August 2017, Kupferprojekt
Cloncurry: Veröffentlichung JORC 2012). In dieser Meldung werden zahlreiche vorhergehende
Veröffentlichungen zusammengefasst und einige der früheren Konformitätskriterien von
JORC 2004 bis JORC 2012 aktualisiert.
Bei Fragen wenden Sie sich bitte an:
Alistair Cowden - -
Geschäftsführer --
Altona Mining Limited - -
Tel: +61 8 9485 2929 --
altona@altonamining.com -
David Ikin
PR- Perth Agentur
Tel: +61 8 9388 0944
David.Ikin@ppr.com.au
Jochen Staiger
Swiss Resource Capital AG
Tel: +41 71 354 8501
js@resource-capital.ch
Über Altona und das Kupferprojekt Cloncurry
Altona Mining Limited (Altona) ist ein an der australischen Börse ASX notiertes Unternehmen,
das sich im Rahmen seiner Tätigkeit auf das Kupferprojekt Cloncurry (Projekt) im australischen
Bundesstaat Queensland konzentriert. Das Projekt beherbergt Mineralressourcen, in denen rund 1,67
Millionen Tonnen Kupfer und 0,43 Millionen Unzen Gold enthalten sind. Vorgesehen ist zunächst
die Anlage eines Kupfer-Gold-Tagebaubetriebs mit einer Förderleistung von 7 Millionen Tonnen
pro Jahr und die Errichtung eines Konzentrators auf dem Projektgelände. Die Erschließung
wurde mit einer geplanten Jahresproduktion(1) von 39.000 Tonnen Kupfer und 17.200 Unzen Gold
für mindestens 14 Jahre genehmigt. Die definitive Machbarkeitsstudie wurde im Juli 2017
aktualisiert.
1Bezugnahme auf die dieser ASX-Pressemitteilung beigefügte Information mit dem Titel Updated
DFS Delivers Bigger and Better Cloncurry Copper Gold Project vom 2. August 2017; darin enthalten
sind Informationen in Bezug auf dieses Produktionsziel sowie aus diesem Produktionsziel abgeleitete
Finanzprognosen. Die Pressemitteilung kann unter www.altonamining.com oder www.asx.com.au eingesehen
werden. Das Unternehmen bestätigt, dass die wesentlichen Annahmen in Bezug auf das
Produktionsziel und die prognostizierten Finanzdaten, die sich aus dem in dieser Pressemeldung
angeführten Produktionsziel ableiten, nach wie vor gültig sind und sich nicht wesentlich
geändert haben.
Die Ausgangssprache (in der Regel Englisch), in der der Originaltext veröffentlicht wird,
ist die offizielle, autorisierte und rechtsgültige Version. Diese Übersetzung wird zur
besseren Verständigung mitgeliefert. Die deutschsprachige Fassung kann gekürzt oder
zusammengefasst sein. Es wird keine Verantwortung oder Haftung: für den Inhalt, für die
Richtigkeit, der Angemessenheit oder der Genauigkeit dieser Übersetzung übernommen. Aus
Sicht des Übersetzers stellt die Meldung keine Kauf- oder Verkaufsempfehlung dar! Bitte
beachten Sie die englische Originalmeldung auf www.sedar.com , www.sec.gov , www.asx.com.au/ oder
auf der Firmenwebsite!
Competent Person Statement and JORC Compliance
Responsibility for Exploration Targets, Exploration Results, Mineral Resources: The information
in this report that relates to Exploration Targets, Exploration Results or Mineral Resources is
based on information generated or compiled by Dr Alistair Cowden, BSc (Hons), PhD, MAusIMM, MAIG, Mr
Roland Bartsch, BSc(Hons), MSc, MAusIMM, Mr George Ross, BSc, MSc, MAIG and Mr Frank Browning BSc
(Hons) MSc, MAIG. Dr Cowden, Mr Bartsch, Mr Ross and Mr Browning are full time employees of the
Company and have sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of
deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person
as defined in the 2012 Edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results,
Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves. Dr Cowden, Mr Bartsch, Mr Ross and Mr Browning consent to the
inclusion in the report of the matters based on their information in the form and context in which
it appears.
Responsibility for Ore Reserves: The information in this report that relates to Ore Reserves is
based on information generated or compiled by Dr Alistair Cowden, BSc (Hons), PhD, MAusIMM, MAIG and
Mr Roland Bartsch, BSc(Hons), MSc, MAusIMM. Dr Cowden and Mr Bartsch are full time employees of the
Company and have sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of
deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person
as defined in the 2012 Edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results,
Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves. Dr Cowden and Mr Bartsch consent to the inclusion in the report
of the matters based on their information in the form and context in which it appears.
Copper equivalence: When used, copper equivalence (Cueq) refers to copper and gold in
concentrate, not resources or reserves, or drill results. Revenue from gold is simply equated to
copper revenue using the assumptions reported in the ASX release dated 2 August 2017.
Summary of Mineral Resource Estimates for the Cloncurry Copper Project
DeposiTotal ContaineMeasured Indicated Inferred
t d
Metal
TonnCu Au CoppGolTonCu Au TonnCu Au TonnCu Au
es (%)(g/er d nes(%)(g/e (%)(g/es (%)(g/
t t t t
(mil ) (ton(ou(mi ) (mil ) (mil )
lion nes ncelli lion lion
s) ) s on ) )
) )
Deposit in Mine Plan
Little105.0.50.0546,29537.0.60.045.00.40.023.90.50.1
Eva 9 2 9 000 ,001 0 9 6 8 0 0
0
Turkey21.00.5 123,- - - 17.70.5 3.4 0.5-
Creek 9 000 9 8
Ivy 7.5 0.50.043,017,- - - 5.4 0.60.02.1 0.40.0
Ann 7 7 00 000 0 8 9 6
Lady C14.00.50.278,085,- - - 3.6 0.60.210.40.50.1
layre 6 0 00 000 0 4 4 8
Bedfor4.8 0.80.238,032,- - - 2.3 0.90.22.5 0.60.1
d 0 1 00 000 5 3 6 9
Su153.0.50.0829,43037.0.60.074.00.50.042.20.50.1
b-tota3 4 9 000 ,001 0 9 2 7 3 1
l 0
Other Deposits
Blacka76.40.6 - 475,- 27.0.6- 6.6 0.6- 42.70.5-
rd 2 000 0 8 0 9
Scanla22.20.6 - 143,- - - - 18.40.6- 3.8 0.6-
n 5 000 5 0
Longam10.40.6 - 69,0- - - - - - - 10.40.6-
undi 6 00 6
Legend17.40.5 - 94,0- - - - - - - 17.40.5-
4 00 4
Great 6.0 0.6 - 37,0- - - - - - - 6.0 0.6-
South 1 00 1
ern
Caroli3.6 0.5 - 19,0- - - - - - - 3.6 0.5-
ne 3 00 3
Charli0.7 0.4 - 3,00- - - - - - - 0.7 0.4-
e 0 0 0
Brown
Su136.0.6 - 840,- 27.0.6- 25.00.6 84.70.5-
b-tota7 1 000 0 8 4 9
l
Total 290.0.50.01,6643064.0.60.099.00.50.0126.0.50.0
0 8 5 8,00,001 3 5 5 5 9 7 4
0 0
See tabulation in ASX release dated 2 August 2017: Appendix 4 for source information and Appendix
5 for details of supporting data and estimation methodology (Table 1 of the JORC Code 2012).
Little Eva is reported above a 0.2% copper lower cut-off grade, all other deposits are above 0.3%
lower copper cut-off.
Resources have been reported as inclusive of Reserves.
Summary of Ore Reserves Estimates for the Cloncurry Project
Reserve Classification Tonnes CoppeGoldCopperGold
r (g/t(tonne(ounce
) s) s)
(%)
Little Eva
Proved 31,000,0.64 0.08198,2084,700
000 0
Probable 22,100,0.50 0.09109,9062,600
000 0
Turkey Creek
Probable
11,300,0.46 0 52,1000
000
Ivy Ann
Probable 3,500,00.59 0.0821,0009,100
00
Lady Clayre
Probable 920,0000.56 0.275,100 8,100
Bedford
Probable 1,350,00.85 0.2011,6008,500
00
Total Proved and Probable 70,200,0.57 0.08397,40173,00
Reserves (excl. 000 0 0
stockpiles)
Little Eva Low Grade
Stockpile
Probable 15,400,0.18 0.0628,10030,900
000
Total (including 85,600,0.50 0.07426,00203,90
stockpile) 000 0 0
See tabulation in ASX release dated 2 August 2017 : Appendix 4 for source information and
Appendix 5 for details of supporting data and estimation methodology (Table 1 of the JORC Code
2012).
Little Eva and Turkey Creek are reported above a 0.16% copper lower cut-off grade, for Bedford
0.17% copper, for Lady Clayre 0.20% copper and for Ivy Ann 0.22% copper.
All data has been rounded to two significant figures. Discrepancies in summations may occur due
to rounding. Minor rounding discrepancies or inconsistencies in summaries since initial publication
in 2012 have been updated.
APPENDIX 1
CLONCURRY COPPER PROJECT
DEFINITIVE FEASIBILITY STUDY
STATUS REPORT
JULY 2017
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1. Key Facts
Mineral Resources and Ore TonnesCopper Gold
Reserves* (milli(%) (g/t)
on)
Global Measured, Indicated and 290.0 0.58 0.05
Inferred
(MII) Resources
Contained metal in Global Resourc 1,668,00430,000(
es 0(t) oz
)
Project Resources (MII) Included 153.3 0.54 0.09
in Study
Contained metal in Study Resource 829,000(430,000(
s t) oz
)
Total Reserves 86.8 0.50 0.07
Contained metal in Reserves 426,000(203,900(
t) oz
)
Inferred Resources in mine plan 5.50 0.49 0.08
Total production target** 92.3 0.49 0.07
Production Summary
Project life 14 years
Little Eva pit strip ratio (after 1.8:1
pre-strip)
Little Eva pit strip ratio including 2.0:1
pre-strip
Annual processing rate (tonnes) 7,000,000
Copper recovery 96%
Gold recovery 85%
Milled tonnes (million tonnes) 91.5
Recovered copper, life of mine (tonnes) 432,513
Recovered gold, life of mine (ounces) 184,184
Copper in concentrate for first 5 years 39,000
(tonnes per
annum)
Gold in concentrate for first 5 years 17,200
(ounces per
annum)
Costs
Capital cost (A$ million) 288
Operating costs per tonne A$23.07/t
Operating (C1) cash cost per pound US$1.65/lb
copper after
credits
Life of mine sustaining capital US$0.11/lb
Royalties US$0.16/lb
Total Costs US$1.92/lb
Project Economics A$ (million)
Life of mine Revenues after smelter 3,629
charges
(NSR)
Pre-tax and pre sustaining capital LOM o1,483
perating
cash
flow
Average pre-tax and sustaining capital o141
perating
cash flow (Yr 1 to 5)
Pre-tax NPV (unleveraged at 7.5% real 462
discount
rate)
Pre-tax IRR- 36%
A$:US$ 0.75
Copper price (US$/lb) 2.95
Gold price (US$/ounce) 1,250
TC/RC (US$/tonne/US$lb) 80 / 0.08
* Resources are inclusive of Reserves. ** The production
target is based largely on Ore Reserves (94% of
production) with Inferred Resources in mine plan
comprising
6% of production.
1.2. Introduction
The Cloncurry Copper Project (Project) is a large, low-risk proposed copper-gold open pit mining
operation and processing plant similar to other current and former operations in the Mt Isa -
Cloncurry area in Queensland. The Project comprises the large Little Eva open pit and five smaller
satellite pits which will deliver sulphide ore to a 7 million tonnes per annum processing plant
adjacent to the Little Eva and Turkey Creek pits. Little Eva is a typical Iron Oxide Copper Gold
(IOCG) deposit similar to Ernest Henry and Osborne.
The Little Eva deposit was the subject of a major drill programme in 2010 to 2012 and
consequently contained Mineral Resources more than doubled. The enlarged Little Eva deposit was the
focus of a Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS) of a simple operation treating copper-gold sulphide
ore that was completed in May 2012. The November 2011 costings from that study were updated by GR
Engineering Services Limited (GRES) for a 2014 update of that study. The large Turkey Creek deposit
was delineated subsequent to that update.
This report has been completed to provide an up to date status of the Project. It consolidates
and integrates all technical work of prior studies together with a number of significant
developments that impact on costs and revenues since the March 2014 DFS.
03082017_EN_AOH0822-Update of Feasibility Study_PRCOM.001
Location of the Cloncurry Copper Project tenure, the Little Eva plant and regional
infrastructure
The Little Eva deposit has been included in feasibility studies in the past (2005 and 2008) where
it was envisaged to be mined in conjunction with two copper-only deposits; Blackard and Scanlan. The
earlier studies indicated that the processing characteristics and metal recoveries of sulphide ore
from Little Eva and satellite deposits were far superior to the copper-only deposits which, as a
result, have been excluded from Altonas recent studies. The copper-only deposits will be
re-evaluated once the Project is established.
It is estimated that over 27 years, a total of A$60 million has been expended on exploration,
resource development, metallurgical and engineering studies, compensation payments and government
fees and charges by Altonas predecessor, Universal Resources Limited (Universal), Universals
partners and by parties who held the Project prior to Universal. Altona has expended some A$25
million from February 2010 to 31 December 2016.
1.3. Definitive Feasibility Study
The initial study was completed in May 2012 and was managed by GRES. The principal consultants
and inputs are attributed as follows:
Mineral Resources: -Altona Mining Limited
Geotechnical: -George, Orr and Associates
Tailings storage facility (TSF):-Knight Piésold
Mine costing:-IQE
Mine design and Ore Reserves:-Optiro
Hydrology: -KH Morgan & Associates /
Rockwater
Process design:-GRES / Ozmet
Metallurgical testwork:-GRES / ALS Ammtec Laboratories
Plant and infrastructure:-GRES
Logistics:-Gilbride Management
Environment:-MBS Environmental
For the March 2014 update; construction, plant and processing costs were reviewed and updated by
GRES and mining costs were updated by IQE. Macro-economic assumptions were updated by Altona.
Significant changes made since the 2014 study include:
- New Resource Estimate and geotechnical model for the Little Eva deposit (Altona)
- New Resource Estimate and geological model for the Bedford deposit (Altona)
- Initial Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve Estimates generated for the Turkey Creek deposit
(Optiro and Altona)
- Inclusion of the Turkey Creek deposit in the mine plan (Orelogy)
- Redesign of waste dumps for the Environmental Authority (EA) (Orelogy)
- Redesign and relocation of infrastructure impacted by Turkey Creek pit development (Knight
Piésold / GRES)
- A reduction in engineering and construction costs based on estimate review (GRES)
- Provision for project power supply increased by 20%
- Changes to the macro-economic assumptions (Altona)
- Updated mining cost estimates from market enquiry (IQE)
- Updated EA lodged and approved (MBS Environmental)
- Development of a detailed implementation plan.
The Project comprises the following components:
- Pre-strip of oxidised rock and copper oxide mineralisation
- Construction of a 7 million tonnes per annum capacity process plant, infrastructure and TSF
- Power via a 33kV overland high voltage (HV) power line from a substation at Dugald River mine
site
- Open pit mining of between 7 and 9 million tonnes per annum of ore
- Stockpiling of marginal grade ore for processing toward end of mine life
- Direct tip of run-of-mine (ROM) ore to a single-stage gyratory primary crusher or to a ROM
pad
- Processing of 7 million tonnes per annum of ore
- Two stage grinding via a primary semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill and ball mill to
212µm
- Flotation of copper-gold concentrate
- Concentrate re-grind to 38µm
- Gravity gold recovery
- Thickening and filtration of concentrate
- Trucking of concentrates in containers to a rail siding at Cloncurry or to the Mt Isa
smelter
- Flatbed rail to Townsville port for concentrate unloading and export.
1.4. Geology and Mineral Resources
Mineral Resource Estimate
The Resource Estimate for the Little Eva deposit is based on 8,088 metres of diamond drilling (42
holes) and 59,183 metres of Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling (390 holes). Mineralisation is hosted
in a variably altered (albite-carbonate-hematite-magnetite) amygdaloidal intermediate unit. The
majority of the unit is altered, quartz-carbonate veined and mineralised with sulphides occurring
predominantly as chalcopyrite with only minor amounts of pyrite and bornite. Sulphide minerals
comprise on average only 2 to 3% of the rock but locally can range up to 25%.
The Resource Estimates for the Little Eva, Turkey Creek and Bedford deposits were reported
according to the 2012 Edition of the JORC Code whereas the other deposits were reported according to
the 2004 Edition of the JORC Code. This study consolidates all disclosure to JORC 2012 standards
and this was disclosed to ASX on 2 August 2017.
Mineral Resource Estimate for the Cloncurry Copper Project
Deposit Tonnes Copper Gold Copper Gold
(million(%) (g/t) (tonnes)(ounces)
)
Deposits in Mine Plan (%) (g/t)
Little Eva 105.9 0.52 0.09 546,000 295,000
Turkey Creek 21.0 0.59 - 123,000 -
Ivy Ann 7.5 0.57 0.07 43,000 17,000
Lady Clayre 14.0 0.56 0.20 78,000 85,000
Bedford 4.8 0.80 0.21 38,000 32,000
Sub-total153.3 0.54 0.09 829,000 430,000
Other Deposits
Blackard 76.4 0.62 - 475,000 -
Scanlan 22.2 0.65 - 143,000 -
Longamundi 10.4 0.66 - 69,000 -
Legend 17.4 0.54 - 94,000 -
Great 6.0 0.61 - 37,000 -
Southern
Caroline 3.6 0.53 - 19,000 -
Charlie Brown0.7 0.40 - 3,000 -
Sub-total136.7 0.61 - 840,000 -
Total 290.0 0.58 0.05 1,668,00430,000
0
Satellite Deposits
Five satellite deposits have been included in the mine production plans; Bedford (north and
south), Lady Clayre, Ivy Ann and Turkey Creek. These deposits have been included as they host high
metallurgical recovery sulphide ore that is able to be co-treated with Little Eva ore. Resource
Estimates are based on 8,257 metres of diamond drilling (33 holes) and 39,716 metres of RC drilling
(247 holes).
Copper-Only Deposits
Seven copper-only deposits, in particular Blackard and Scanlan, were included in a DFS completed
in 2005 and a subsequent study in 2008. These deposits contain some 840,000 tonnes of copper.
Mineralisation is hosted in deeply weathered (clay) sediments with copper occurring as fine-grained
disseminated native copper metal. Conventional sulphide mineralisation in fresh rock underlies the
native copper mineralisation in weathered rocks. Native copper mineralisation whilst soft, has
metallurgical recoveries of 55 to 65% and consequently these deposits were not considered in the
initial development plan. The sulphide mineralisation in fresh rock is likely to have high
metallurgical recoveries (90%+).
1.5. Mining
Mine Design
George, Orr & Associates conducted a full stability analysis of the planned Little Eva pit
based on geotechnical analysis of 21 oriented diamond drillholes covering both an earlier
starter-pit design and the final pit design utilised in this study. The north-west portion of the
deposit has poor to moderate ground conditions, however, for the majority of the planned pit ground
conditions are good to moderate. Overall slope angles of 43 degrees, inclusive of pit ramps, have
been recommended and are used in the Little Eva pit design. The eastern pit wall has the best
ground conditions and therefore all access ramps have been placed on this wall.
Pit optimisation was completed by Optiro. The parameters used to generate the optimised pit
designs were based on mining costs obtained from market enquiry in November 2011. The metallurgical
recoveries used in optimisation were derived by GRES and OZMET from all pre-existing testwork and
testwork carried out by ALS Ammtec in 2011 and 2012. Economic and other assumptions were current in
2011 and were supplied by Altona. These optimisations formed the basis of pit designs and the
Project Ore Reserves.
The Little Eva mine design includes a 30 metre wide dual lane in-pit haul road at a 10% gradient
on the eastern wall of the final pit. The pit is approximately 1,500 metres long, 700 metres wide
and 240 metres deep.
The mining dilution factor assumed was 6% at zero grade and an ore loss factor of 4% was applied.
These reflect the large scale bulk nature of the deposit.
The degree of selectivity in mining is relatively low and varies in differing domains of the
deposit. Reserve modelling is based upon a minimum mining unit of 6.25 metres x 6.25 metres x 5
metres. Ore is classified in grade control either as ROM feed to be sent directly to the mill or
marginal ore to be sent to a stockpile for later treatment. Mine equipment has been scaled to permit
selective mining this size of mining unit. The opportunity exists to improve grade control practice
and thus reduce unit costs.
The Turkey Creek pit was optimised and designed by Orelogy in 2016 using similar parameters to
Little Eva.
Optimisation of the Bedford, Lady Clayre and Ivy Ann deposits was completed utilising the same
late 2011 inputs as used at Little Eva. However, it was assumed that fixed costs were covered by
the Little Eva mine and the cost of haulage to the mill was added. Metallurgical testwork on these
deposits indicate that metallurgical characteristics and recoveries are not materially different
from Little Eva. Scheduling of ore extraction from the satellite deposits was set at approximately
750,000 tonnes per annum taking into account the size of the pits and the rate of bench advance.
Marginal ore from the satellite pits is assumed treated as waste and not transported to the Little
Eva mill.
Pits at the other satellite deposits were not designed to the same level of detail as Little Eva
and Turkey Creek as their contribution is small (9% of Ore Reserves). New pit optimisations and
designs will be completed utilising current mining contract rates once new Resource Estimates and
geotechnical models are completed.
Mining Costs
For this study, two mining contractors responded to a market enquiry to review previously
supplied contract rates and provide current pricing for contract mining services. The indication
from the contractors was that rates had not significantly changed since 2014 however where relevant,
revisions to mining unit rates have been incorporated into the current financial analysis. Current
mining rates are materially lower than those obtained in late 2011 for the 2012 DFS.
In order to maximise cost effectiveness, Altona intends to directly lease the majority of the
mine equipment and to provide the fuel and explosives to the contractor. The fleet will be operated
and maintained by the mining contractor.
Current mining costings were used to generate new pit optimisations to test the potential impact
of the footprint of enlarged pits on infrastructure layout. These optimisations indicate a
substantial opportunity to increase the Reserves and will be examined as a part of a future project
review and optimisation.
Mining Strategy
The mining strategy involves a 13.4 million tonnes pre-strip of a starter-pit at Little Eva.
After the pre-strip is completed the pit will have a strip ratio of 1.8:1. To sustain a 7 million
tonnes per annum production rate, stripping is planned to continue at elevated rates for several
months after the commencement of production. The pit requires a pushback towards the end of mine
life to reach its design depth of 240 metres.
Mining will be carried out using conventional drill and blast (D&B) rigs with backhoe
excavation being undertaken by diesel excavators and dump truck haulage. The main mining fleet
consists of two EX2600 250 tonne excavators matched to fourteen CAT 785 136 tonne trucks. This fleet
is supplemented by one EX1900 190 tonne excavator matched to five CAT 777 100 tonne trucks.
Mine waste will be transported to a dump adjacent to the pit and to construct the TSF. Waste
will also be used to construct an engineered flood protection bund around the Little Eva pit. The
bund will re-direct wet season water flows in Cabbage Tree Creek away from the Little Eva pit.
The ROM ore will be delivered to the ROM pad where there is the capability to direct feed from
mine trucks to a gyratory crusher with 375kw of installed power capable of accepting 1 metre ROM
rock at a rate of 1,100 tonnes per hour.
Mining of ore from the Bedford pits is scheduled to commence prior to process plant commissioning
and will initially supplement Little Eva ore feed. The current mining schedule then prioritises the
mining of ore sequentially from Ivy Ann then Lady Clayre with mining at Turkey Creek commencing
towards the end of the mine life. The proximity of Turkey Creek to the mill may make it preferable
to mine it earlier in the mining schedule however preliminary investigation indicates that the lower
grade of this ore makes it a lower priority for processing. Further investigation and rescheduling
will be carried out prior to project commencement.
The mining schedule and schedule of production of copper in concentrate is shown in the chart
below.
03082017_EN_AOH0822-Update of Feasibility Study_PRCOM.002
Annual mine production by pit
Mining will deliver 7 million tonnes per annum of approximately 0.6% copper ROM feed to the
processing plant over the first 5 years whilst stockpiling marginal grade material for later
treatment.
Life of mine production
ProductFinancial Year Ending
ion
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Ore 4.67.07.07.07.07.07.070 7.07.07.07.07.02.9
milled
*
Copper 0.60.60.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.40.40.40.10.1
(%) 2 4 4 8 8 6 4 2 1 8 4 0 8 8
Gold 0.00.10.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.00.00.00.0
(g/t) 9 0 0 8 9 8 8 9 9 0 1 1 6 6
* Million tonnes.
Ore Reserves
Ore Reserves were initially reported according to the 2004 Edition of JORC Code in an ASX release
dated 14 May 2012. Turkey Creek Ore Reserves were reported in an ASX release dated 21 June 2016
according to the 2012 Edition of the JORC Code. This study consolidates all disclosure to JORC 2012
Standards and was disclosed to ASX on 2 August 2017.
The Ore Reserve Estimate is included within the Resource Estimate. Ore Reserves for Little Eva
Ivy Ann, Bedford and Lady Clayre were estimated by Optiro. Turkey Creek Reserves were estimated by
Altona based on Orelogys mining inventory.
Ore Reserve Estimate for the Cloncurry Copper Project
Deposit Tonnes Copper Gold CopperGold
(%) (g/t) (tonne(ounces
s) )
Little Eva ROM ore 53,100,0.58 0.08 308,10147,300
000 0
Little Eva marginal 15,400,0.18 0.06 28,10030,900
grade 000
(stockpile)
Turkey Creek 11,300,0.46 - 51,200-
000
Ivy Ann 3,500,00.59 0.08 21,0009,100
00
Lady Clayre 920,0000.56 0.27 5,100 8,100
Bedford 1,350,00.85 0.20 11,6008,500
00
Total 85,600,000 0.50 0.07 426,00203,900
0
There are Inferred Resources that are included in the mining schedule but are not included in the
Ore Reserve Statement. Infill and extension drilling will be completed to convert Resource Estimates
to Indicated Resources.
1.6. Processing
Metallurgical Testwork and Process Design
The metallurgical and mineralogical classification of the Little Eva deposit reflects the
geological domains used in resource modelling. Core holes were drilled to ensure complete spatial
and grade variance coverage of metallurgical samples for testwork through the deposit. Testwork is
representative of each of three major geological domains; north, central and south.
Extensive grinding and flotation/reagent testwork material consistently demonstrated that high
copper and gold recoveries were achievable at a relatively low operating cost across all feed grades
that are planned. SAG and ball milling delivers a grind size of 212µm and rougher
concentrates are re-ground to 38µm.
Testwork indicates that the designed circuit will achieve a 96% copper recovery at a concentrate
grade of 25% copper. Gold recovery is predicted to be 85% at a concentrate grade of 4g/t.
Standard milling and flotation technology will be used to generate approximately 150,000 tonnes
of copper concentrate on an annual basis. The processing circuit is a simple one and consists
of:
- Single stage gyratory crushing
- SAG and ball milling
- Flash flotation
- Flotation (rougher and scavenger)
- Concentrate regrind and flotation cleaning
- Gravity gold recovery
- Concentrate thickening and filtration
- Tailings thickening and disposal
A standard flotation circuit is proposed as illustrated in the chart below.
03082017_EN_AOH0822-Update of Feasibility Study_PRCOM.003
Process flowsheet for the Little Eva plant
Key metallurgical characteristics are:
Key Metallurgical Metrics
Tonnes of concentrate (dry) 150,000pa
Moisture content 9%
Copper recovery 96%
Gold recovery 85%
Copper grade in concentrate 25%
Gold grade in concentrate 4g/t
Concentrate penalty elements None
The concentrate will be filtered to 9% moisture and stored in a concentrate shed prior to
transport to market.
Representative tailing and waste rock samples were found to be non-acid forming due to the low
levels of contained sulphur and high carbonate content. The tailings and waste will not generate
acid drainage during storage and can be disposed of safely using standard mining and processing
practice.
1.7. Process Plant and Infrastructure
The Little Eva process plant is to be located approximately 70 kilometres north-west of Cloncurry
and will be accessed via a sealed highway and a site access road of approximately 12 kilometres.
The process plant will be installed adjacent to the Little Eva and Turkey Creek open pits and
will be designed to process 7 million tonnes per annum of ore for a minimum period of 14 years.
Infrastructure to be installed to support the operation includes:
- Access and haul roads
- Tailings storage facility
- Bunds and diversion channel to manage surface water
- Fuel storage and dispensing
- 33kV overland HV power line for a distance of 9 kilometres from the Dugald River minesite
- Plant site laboratory
- Accommodation village
- Administration facilities
- Workshop and warehousing facilities
- Borefield and water storage infrastructure
- Mining contractor infrastructure
- Explosives magazine
With 26MW of installed drives, the average power draw for the processing plant during operations
will be approximately 22MW. Power for the concentrator is proposed to be supplied from grid power
via a 220kV overhead power line stepped down to 33kV at a substation at MMGs Dugald River
zinc-lead-silver project for supply to the Little Eva plant. Altona is negotiating with the Dugald
River project to access its powerline. To allow for any access or maintenance costs Altona has
included an infrastructure charge in its estimation of power costs. Dugald River is a major new
underground zinc-lead-silver mine and processing plant nearing completion of construction.
Communication infrastructure, an airstrip and sealed road access are in place.
Since the generation of the 2014 DFS update study the Tailings Storage Facility (TSF) has been
relocated and redesigned following the discovery of the Turkey Creek deposit in the southern part of
the original location of the TSF. The new TSF is a standalone embankment type incorporating a basin
under-drainage system designed to reduce seepage, increase tailings density, and improve
geotechnical stability. Solution recovered from the decant system will be pumped back to the plant
for reuse in the process circuits.
Tailings will be discharged into the TSF by sub-aerial deposition methods, using a combination of
banks of spigots at regularly spaced intervals from all embankments to direct the supernatant pond
to the decant tower. Spigot location and discharge will be continually managed to ensure most the
most effective tailings beach formation is achieved.
Most of the Project water supply will come from pit dewatering bores at Little Eva with the water
to be stored in a raw water dam. The remainder will be sourced from a borefield to be developed at
the Blackard deposit. Water balance for the project has assumed that 36% of the water discharged to
the tailings facility in the tailings slurry will be decanted and returned to the plant for reuse.
This is in accordance with recommendations made by Knight Piesold based upon the TSF design and
water modelling for average climatic conditions. There is further water supply capacity in the Lake
Julius pipeline which is adjacent to the plant should the need arise.
Communication is available via 4GX mobile phone coverage being provided by Telstra as part of its
service delivery to the Dugald River Project.
A village is to be constructed to accommodate the Project workforce. This will be a purpose built
camp that will accommodate approximately 220 personnel at any one time and will be utilised for both
construction and operations. It is assumed that a portion of the workforce will live locally and be
accommodated off site.
The below diagrams illustrate the layout for regional infrastructure.
03082017_EN_AOH0822-Update of Feasibility Study_PRCOM.004
Infrastructure in the Little Eva - Dugald River area showing Altona tenure, proposed pits and
Mineral Resources
03082017_EN_AOH0822-Update of Feasibility Study_PRCOM.005
Process plant area infrastructure layout. Plan projection of Resource outlines in red.
Logistics
The highway from Cloncurry to Burketown and Normanton on the Gulf of Carpentaria is a full width
sealed road that passes 12 kilometres to the east of the proposed plant site. At Cloncurry,
approximately 70 kilometres to the south, it meets the Barkly Highway from Townsville to Mt Isa.
Cloncurry has a regional airport, hospital, schools and other infrastructure
The concentrate will be containerised and transported from site by road train to the Cloncurry
rail loading facility. The containers will then be loaded onto flatbed rail cars for dispatch to
the Townsville port. The rail system between Cloncurry and Townsville is well serviced with
multiple trains to Townsville each week. Once at the Townsville port, the containers will be
unloaded directly into the ships hold. An alternative, if commercially available, is to truck
concentrate to the Glencore smelter at Mt Isa.
Townsville port is a well-established international port capable of handling bulk mineral
materials with over 4 million tonnes of import/export trade mineral handled annually.
All infrastructure required to operate in this manner is already in place and available to the
Project. Containers will be supplied as a part of a complete concentrate load and transport
logistics arrangement with a major logistics operator.
03082017_EN_AOH0822-Update of Feasibility Study_PRCOM.006
Infrastructure in North-West Queensland
Implementation Plan
Mining
Contract mining is the preferred option for mining. This provides a degree of flexibility which
will be highly beneficial during the ramp up phase of the Project. The current implementation plan
proposes that Altona will be responsible for the lease of the majority of the mining fleet and for
the supply of fuel and explosives. This approach will be reviewed upon commencement of the project
as mining contractors currently hold a surplus of used mining equipment and it may prove more cost
effective to access this equipment via the contractor rather than lease new equipment directly.
Plant
It is proposed to deliver the process plant, associated services and site infrastructure on a
turnkey project management, design and construction basis. The process plant and infrastructure
would be undertaken on a guaranteed maximum price basis. Process plant performance guarantees would
be sought from the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor.
Project management, design, procurement of process equipment, contracting commitments and project
controls would be undertaken from Brisbane and/or Perth. All site subcontracts will be controlled
from site. Site works would be performed mainly in horizontal packages by suitably qualified and
capable Queensland organisations supplemented by construction expertise from the EPC contractor.
The intent for those components of infrastructure that have not already been covered within the
plant or mining scopes is to tender based on a lump sum, turnkey project management, design and
construction basis.
1.8. Community, Permitting and Tenure
The Company has an agreement with the Kalkadoon People who hold a native title area over the
Project area. A deed of the type required under the Native Title Act and an ancillary agreement were
signed by the Company and appropriate representatives of the Kalkadoon People on 15 June 2006. The
State of Queensland executed the Section 31 Deed on 29 June 2006.
An Environmental Impact Study and the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Project have
been accepted by the Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP) and an EA
has been issued. The mine plan allows for closure and rehabilitation costs and the conditions of the
EA include lodgement of a financial security with the authorities. The legislation around financial
securities is subject to amendment by the Queensland Parliament. Financial security will be lodged
prior to commencement of operations together with a Plan of Operations.
Mining Leases (MLs) were granted on 19 November 2012 and total 143 square kilometres and are
situated across two pastoral land holdings. Compensation agreements with pastoralists relating to
the MLs have been agreed.
The Cloncurry Copper Project also has 4 granted Exploration Permits for Minerals (EPMs) some 703
square kilometres in area that are, in part, contiguous with the MLs.
The Project is expected to directly employ some 300 people during the construction phase reducing
to around 280 during operations, a portion of which will commute daily to site.
Most of the construction workforce will be provided by contractors from the north-west Queensland
region.
During the operations phase, employment will be made up of a mixture of people living in
Cloncurry commuting daily to site and fly in / fly out (FIFO) or drive in / drive out (DIDO) people
from the regional centres which already provide personnel to the major mining centres such as Mt Isa
and Townsville in north-west Queensland.
1.9. Capital Operating Costs
Capital Costs
All capital costs relevant to the Project scope were reviewed. The process plant and
infrastructure scope was unchanged. Capital cost estimates are based on December 2013 pricing from
local and international equipment suppliers and local engineering and contracting firms. Major cost
inputs associated with the capital estimate have been reviewed by GRES in February 2017 and adjusted
for market movements. Capital costs are summarised below.
Pre-production Capital Costs A$
(million)
Mining mobilisation and pre-strip 51
Process plant and infrastructure 164
Tailings storage facility 18
Accommodation village 18
First fill, spares etc 12
Owners costs 8
Contingency 18
Total 288
The pre-strip and pit cutback continues beyond the commencement of production at Little Eva and
is considered to be a sustaining capital cost once production commences.
Life of Mine (LOM) sustaining capital requirements have changed since that reported in the 2014
DFS Update with a decrease in mined material classified as sustaining development, increased
provisions for capital item replacement within the plant and an increased provision for TSF uplift
costs. In addition to this the extension to the life of the mine resulting from the inclusion of
Turkey Creek in the mine schedule contributes to the higher sustaining costs reported below.
Sustaining Capital Costs A$
(million)
Mine development 50
Processing plant and infrastructure 29
Tailings 46
Rehabilitation 12
Total 137
Operating Costs
Operating cost estimates are based on December 2013 labour rates and quotations from utilities,
contractors and reagent suppliers and are detailed in the table below. Contract mining rates have
been refreshed based on budget submissions provided by suitably qualified mining contractors.
Power cost estimates have not been formally updated by providers. The current volatility in the
east coast gas and energy market makes it difficult to get accurate long term pricing from enquiry.
To make provision for movement in power costs since the previous report the supplied rate to the
project reflected in the operating costs and financial modelling has been increased from $0.16/kWhr
to $0.192/kWhr
Average Operating Costs per Tonne A$ (per tonne
milled)
Mining 10.05
Processing 8.12
General and administration 2.12
Concentrate transport and sales 2.78
Total operating costs 23.07
Royalties 2.24
Sustaining capital costs 1.48
Total cash costs 26.79
1.10. Financial Analysis
The production profile over the project life is illustrated below.
03082017_EN_AOH0822-Update of Feasibility Study_PRCOM.007
Metal prices and exchange rates used in this study are benchmarked against broker consensus
forecasts and various research house estimates.
The values adopted are:
Assumption Value
Copper (US$ per pound) 2.95
Gold (US$ per ounce) 1,250
US$:A$ 0.75
Treatment charge (US$ per tonne) 80.00
Copper refining charge (US$ per pound) 0.08
Gold refining charge (US$ per ounce) 5.00
Copper payability 96.5%
Gold payability 94%
Cashflow is robust and is broken down below:
Item TotFinancial Year Ending
als
19 20 21 22 23 24 25262728293031 32 33
Revenu3,6- 21136330732532831302929282221411447
es 29 7 5 5 3 1 9
Less expenditure
Capita289228 61 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l
Operat2,1- 12218517718918317161516191712575 34
ing 12 2 3 0 1 8 9
Sustai137- 15 4 23 3 10 101129146 5 4 2 2
ning
Royalt205- 12 20 17 18 18 17171616181514 6 2
ies
Total 887(2282 15590 11611811111010603171 31 9
) 8 4 0 2
All values in A$ millions.
The Project will generate an average annual operating surplus of A$141 million in the first 5
years of full production. The average operating cost is A$23.07 per tonne compared with average
revenue of A$39.64 per tonne.
A discount rate of 7.5% was estimated using a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) methodology
for Altona as owner. The rate selected compared well to WACC calculations for other similar and
recent project developments.
Key Financial Metrics A$
(million)
Capital costs 288
Sustaining capital 137
Revenue (net smelter return) pa * 328
Pre-tax and sustaining capital operating cash141
flow
pa *
Pre-tax NPV (7.5% real discount rate) 462
IRR% 36%
Cash cost per pound copper in concentrate US$1.65
All in cash cost per pound copper in US$1.92
concentrate
* Average, years 1 to 5.
Taxation and Royalties
It is assumed that the Project will be developed by Altona Mining Limited.
Altona has tax losses carried forward to later income years providing they are available to it
under the current taxation provisions. As at 30 June 2016, the tax losses are approximately A$60.4
million.
Royalties of approximately A$205 million are payable over the life of the mine to the Queensland
government and a number of private entities.
Sales and Marketing
The payability of metal in concentrates, smelter treatment charges, refining charges, shipping
and insurance costs for the concentrates have been estimated from Altonas market experience,
industry norms and by benchmarking against recent transactions. For copper-gold concentrates it
assumed that LOM treatment charges and refining charges (TC/RC) will average US$80 per tonne,
US8.0¢ per pound respectively and that no penalties will be payable. Copper payability is
assumed to be 96.5% and gold approximately 94%.
-
It has been assumed that the concentrate will be shipped to Asian markets.
1.11. Exploration
Existing Deposits
A combination of infill and extension drilling and new geological modelling could deliver
material upgrades to existing Resources in the mine plan, in particular; Lady Clayre, Bedford, Ivy
Ann and Turkey Creek.
There is also significant potential to improve Resources at the copper-only deposits that are not
included in the mine plan.
Exploration Targets
Altona has consolidated all prior exploration data and adopted a new approach to exploration
utilising that data in combination with high resolution (close-spaced) mapping of copper in soils
analyses via a handheld XRF.
There are 16 major targets close to, or at the stage of drill testing. The 30 years of
exploration and resource delineation has led to an excellent understanding of geological and
exploration models.
In addition to copper mineralisation, there is potential for extension or repeats of Dugald River
style zinc-lead-silver mineralisation within the Project.
1.12. Opportunities and Upside
Project Review, Optimisation and Value Engineering
Pit designs (other than Turkey Creek) are based on 2011 resource models costs and optimisations.
There have been significant improvements in geological/geotechnical models, costs and
macro-economics since 2011. To determine the potential maximum footprints of pits and waste dumps,
Orelogy undertook pit optimisations using current costs, macro-economics and geological models.
Optimum pits at Little Eva contained significantly more ore tonnes, with more contained copper and
gold than the current Reserve. Whilst such a significant improvement is unlikely to be replicated
in a full design, the exercise highlights the upside to Reserve Estimates.
At the time of designing the Little Eva pit, the nature of the zone of poor ground conditions on
the western edge of the deposit was poorly understood. Conservative geotechnical modelling resulted
in a conservative pit design. A new geotechnical model highlights the potential to improve the pit
design. The new resource model also suggests the starter pit location is not optimal.
A new Resource in 2016 at Bedford provided materially higher copper and gold Resources within the
pit design and also highlighted the opportunity to expand Resources. Bedford pits are scheduled for
year 1 of production and require revised pit designs and better definition of metallurgical and
geotechnical data.
At Little Eva there may be opportunity to refine grade control costs, mining selectivity, ore
loss and dilution factors based upon outcomes of a program of closer spaced drilling to be done
prior to production.
Rainfall in the Cloncurry area is highly variable and the area is subject to drought. Water
budgets are adequate but may be stretched in extended low rainfall periods.
Recommendations to Improve Reserves
- Drill Inferred Resources below current pit design but within 2015 Orelogy pit to convert to
Indicated Resources to increase Reserves.
- At Little Eva conduct grade control drilling ahead of mining to optimise mining selectivity and
grade control costs/strategy. No work is required at satellite pits to be mined after year 5.
- Re-optimise the Little Eva pit using an updated resource model and current costs and then
generate new pit designs.
- Drill the Bedford deposits to maximise the Resource and obtain definitive geotechnical and
metallurgical data.
- At Bedford generate a new geological and resource model and re-optimise and design pits.
- Re schedule years 1 to 5 of production based upon the new Bedford and Little Eva Ore Reserves
and pits.
Recommendations to Improve Infrastructure, Process and Plant
- Power supply optimisation assessment.
- Consider alternative access routes to site.
- Confirmatory geotechnical investigation of new TSF and Cabbage Tree Creek bund.
- Re-evaluate gravity gold recovery to maximise payable gold.
- Investigate low capita increase to processing to 8 million tonnes per annum given likely
increase in Reserves.
- Re-evaluate bringing Turkey Creek forward in mine schedule due to operational simplicity.
- Re-evaluate the hydrology/de-watering of the Little Eva pit in the context of the new
geotechnical model.
- Undertake exploration for additional water resources to maintain supply in year 4 onwards and
to support up to 8 million tonnes per annum throughput.
Expansion of Production or Mine Life
There is significant potential to expand existing Resources, particularly at Bedford and Lady
Clayre. There is upside at Turkey Creek, Little Eva and Ivy Ann, though not as material as Bedford
and Lady Clayre. The greatest potential for expansion of Reserves in the medium term is through
already defined resources at the copper-only deposits.
There are some 840,000 tonnes of contained copper in copper-only deposits. These deposits
comprise deeply weathered rocks containing native copper overlaying conventional sulphide
mineralisation. Metallurgical recovery of native copper from weathered rocks is 55% to 65%. The
lower recovery led to the decision to omit these deposits from the initial mine plan.
Pit optimisations and designs in the 2005 and 2009 studies only considered native copper
mineralisation, subsequent drilling has highlighted that these are significant tonnages of sulphide
mineralisation in fresh rock beneath the native copper mineralisation. This mineralisation is
almost identical to the 93% recovery copper sulphide ore from Turkey Creek that is included in the
mine plan.
The native copper deposits have not been optimised using current geological models. A
pre-feasibility level study should be undertaken to consider expanding production based upon mining
the copper-only deposits in 2023.
Given the clear potential for additional Resources and Reserves there may be potential to
increase plant throughput. Additional water resources will be required to increase production.
Recommendations for Satellite Deposits (Lady Clayre, Ivy Ann and Turkey Creek) Scheduled for Late
in Mine Life
- Drill out new geological and resource models
- Complete definitive geotechnical and metallurgical studies
- Optimise pits, design pits and re-schedule production over LOM
Recommendations for Copper-only Deposits
- Metallurgical testwork on sulphide ore from these deposits
- Optimise copper-only pits based on current resource models and financial inputs, design new
pits
- Re-visit options for co-processing native copper and sulphide ores included in 2005 and 2009
studies
- Conduct water exploration to ensure sufficient water for higher throughputs
- Engineering studies on expanding the Little Eva plant to either co-process or batch process
native copper ore to determine optimum production rate
- Consolidate studies into a pre-feasibility study on production expansion
Exploration Targets
Mineralisation models and exploration signatures are well understood given the long history at
the Project. There are 16 high priority targets identified with a high probability of discovery of
additional Resources.
Recommendation
Drill and explore targets with a particular focus on higher grade, higher recovery
mineralisation.
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