Lu Chang Chang

The Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association Ltd. operates as a mutual insurance association. Its services include underwriting, owners protection and indemnity, charterers cover, freight, demurrage and defence, claims handling, additional insurances, loss prevention and trading certificates. The Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association was founded in 1871 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

The Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association Holdings, founded in 1855, is the oldest P&I Club in the world. The non-profit company is based in London, UK, and has subsidiaries in Bermuda, Copenhagen, and the United Kingdom. The Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association Limited is registered in the UK and authorized by the Prudential Regulatory Authority. The British company offers a full advisory service on all FD & D issues to their members, including advice on charter party clauses, demurrage provisions, unsafe berth, and damage to hull disputes. The company determines release calls based on an actuarial assessment of premium risk, reserve risk, catastrophe risk, market risk, and counterparty risk. The Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association Europe is registered in Luxembourg and authorized by the Minister of Finance and regulated by the Commissariat aux Assurances (“CAA”). The company also has branch offices in Japan, where they underwrite insurance and employ a legally qualified Japanese claims handler to ease the processing of claims.