Ferdinand Choy

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Manulife Investment Management Ltd. (MIML) is the global asset management arm of Manulife Investment Management Holdings (Canada) Ltd., ultimately held by Manulife Financial Corp. (NYSE, TSE: MFC) in Canada. The firm was founded in 1949 and formerly known as MFC Global Investment Management and as Manulife Asset Management Ltd. Headquartered in Toronto, MIML and their affiliates provide comprehensive asset management solutions for pension plans, foundations, endowments, financial institutions and other institutional investors worldwide, as well as for Manulife and John Hancock's wealth management and retirement products.

RBC Capital Markets LLC (Investment Management) (RBC-IM) is the asset management division of RBC Capital Markets LLC, a broker/dealer headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of RBC USA Holdco Corp., ultimately held by Royal Bank of Canada (NYSE, TSE: RY) in Canada. RBC-IM provides advisory services to individuals, foundations, endowments, employee benefit plans, trusts and estates, educational institutions, corporations, businesses, government entities and other entities.