Francesca Loo

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (VGI) is an independent, SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1975 by John Bogle. In 1976, they introduced the first indexed mutual fund, the First Index Investment Trust (now known as the Vanguard 500 Index Fund), to individual investors. VGI provides investment advisory services to Vanguard family of funds and Vanguard's non-US clients, which are comprised of funds established as trusts under the laws of the Province of Ontario in Canada and separate account clients of Vanguard's international subsidiaries.

Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. provides security brokerage services. It also offers investment banking and advice to high net worth investors, individuals, businesses and institutions. The company is headquartered in New York, NY.

Glynn Capital Management LLC (Glynn Capital) is a venture capital firm founded in 1974 by John W. Glynn. The firm is headquartered in San Francisco, California.

Part of Commerzbank AG, Commerzbank Capital Markets Corp. is a company that provides security broker services. The company is based in New York, NY.

Tower Group, Inc. provides property and casualty insurance products. The firm also provides business insurance, home insurance, and auto insurance services. It offers worker's compensation claim services. The company was founded in 1990 and is headquartered in New York, NY.

Part of MarketAxess Holdings, Inc., MarketAxess Corp. provides financial information exchange test-certification services. The company is based in New York, NY.

Sun Trading LLC engages in the provision of securities trading services. Its business consists of equities, equity options, foreign exchange, fixed income, and futures markets. The company was founded by Jefferson W. Wigley in 2003 and is headquartered in Chicago, IL.

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC is a registered broker-dealer subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Domestic Holdings, Inc., ultimately owned by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. Headquartered in New York City, the firm was founded in 1987 and provides debt and equity services including underwriting, M&A advice, securities dealing and brokerage and trade execution. Their client base ranges from large global institutional investors to hedge funds at the cutting edge of innovation in the industry.

NYSE Chicago, Inc. offers technology based national securities exchange services. It provides business to transact in all equity securities traded on NYSE, AMEX, NASDAQ, or other national securities exchanges. CHX acts as a venue for hedge funds, options market markers, quantitative, professional and active individual traders that require immediate and automated execution. The firm provides services through its technology products including CHXBD, CHX SHARE and SNAP. The company was founded in 1882 and is headquartered in Chicago, IL.

HSBC Bank USA NA engages in the provision of banking services. Its lines of business are Retail Banking and Wealth Management, Commercial Banking, Global Banking and Markets, and Private Bank. The company is headquartered in McLean, VA.

Chicago Board of Trade provides trade derivative facilities. It allows speculators throughout the world to interpret economic data, news, and other information. The company was founded on April 3, 1848 and is headquartered in Chicago, IL.

Fordham University provides college and university. It offers undergraduate colleges and graduate & professional schools. The company was founded in 1841 and is headquartered in Bronx, NY.

Greenwich Associates LLC engages in the provision of business consulting services to the financial services industry. It offers market intelligence, benchmarking information, and service provider rankings in the areas of investment management; fixed income; equities; corporate finance; small and midsized business banking; and treasury. The company was founded by Charles D. Ellis in 1972 and is headquartered in Stamford, CT.

ICAP Energy LLC provides coal, crude, and refined products. It offers real-time price discovery and execution services in crude oil and oil products, biofuels, agriculture and softs, base and precious metals, iron ore, electricity, natural gas, coal, emissions, freight, weather derivatives, and physical products. The company was founded on February 14, 2001 and is headquartered in Louisville, KY.

Markit Group Ltd. provides trade processing and financial data software services. The firm offers consulting, current event analysis, cross-industry directories, market insight, forecasts and company analysis, market intelligence platforms, software and design tools, standards and regulations, technical and specialized data, and training services. The company was founded by Rony Grushka, Lance Uggla, Tom McNerney, Kevin Gould in 2001 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

BMO Capital Markets Corp. (Broker) is the broker/dealer division of BMO Capital Markets Corp., a full-service North American financial services provider headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1998 and is a subsidiary of BMO Financial Corp., which is owned by Bank of Montreal (NYSE, TSX: BMO) in Canada. BMO Capital Markets offers corporate, institutional and government clients access to a variety of products and services including equity and debt underwriting, corporate lending and project financing, merger and acquisitions advisory services, merchant banking, securitization, treasury and market risk management, debt and equity research and institutional sales and trading.

Tradeweb Markets LLC operates as a global fixed income and derivatives markets. It engages in building and operating electronic over-the-counter marketplaces. The company builds a global web-based electronic network of banks, asset managers, central banks, pension funds and insurance companies to buy and sell government bonds and other fixed income and derivative instruments. It also provides trading solutions for financial advisors and traders. The company was founded in 1998 and is headquartered in New York, NY.

Part of Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Holdings, Inc., The Sumitomo Trust & Banking Co. (USA) Ltd. provides investment advice services. The company is based in New York, NY.

Securities Industry & Financial Markets Association, Inc. (SIFMA) is an organization that represents the securities industry in the United States. The private company is based in New York, NY and has subsidiaries in the United States. The company's main focus is advocating for effective and resilient capital markets. The CEO of the company is Kenneth E. Bentsen.