Gruppe Franklin Resources, Inc.

Part of Franklin Resources, Inc., Franklin Templeton Investment Trust Management Ltd. provides security dealing services. The company is based in Edinburgh, UK.

Part of Franklin Resources, Inc., Edinburgh Partners North America, Inc. is a company that provides investment advice. The company is based in Walnut Creek, CA.

Alcentra Ltd. is an asset management headquartered in London. UK. The firm was founded in 2002 and is a subsidiary of Alcentra Asset Management Ltd., which, in turn, is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in the US. Alcentra provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional clients in the form of separate accounts, pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisers through sub-advisory agreements.

Franklin Templeton Japan Co., Ltd. (Franklin Templeton Japan) is the Japanese wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Singapore-based Franklin Templeton Capital Holdings Pte. Ltd., ultimately owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in the US. The firm was founded as Legg Mason Asset Management (Japan) Ltd. through a strategic acquisition of Citigroup's asset management business in 2005. Headquartered in Tokyo, Franklin Templeton Japan provides a wide variety of investment products and high-quality services to Japanese individual and institutional investors. They manage Japanese-domiciled funds and contribute to the management of Japanese portfolios for the parent group's Luxembourg-domiciled funds.

Alcentra NY LLC (Alcentra) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2002 and became a subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. in 2006. They were acquired by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2022. Alcentra provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional clients, which include US registered investment companies, US private funds, other pooled investment vehicles and other institutions.

Martin Currie Investment Management Ltd. (MCIM) is the Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Martin Currie Ltd., ultimately held by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in the US. The firm was founded in 1978 and is headquartered in Edinburgh. MCIM performs investment management, dealing, investment support, sales and marketing and platform functions for the Martin Currie group. The firm manages active-equity portfolios for a global client base of financial institutions, charities, foundations, endowments, pension funds, family offices, government agencies and investment funds.

Western Asset Management Co. (Western Asset) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Pasadena, California. The firm was founded in 1971 and is a subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc., which is owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. Western Asset provides discretionary investment management services to primarily institutional clients.

Martin Currie Ltd specializes in equity portfolios and hedge funds. The company offers distinctive active equity portfolios and devote all of the company’s resources to delivering optimum investment outcomes and superior client relationships. The company is headquartered in Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Franklin Templeton Global Investors Ltd. provides investment consultancy services. The company was founded on February 17, 1987 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Putnam Fiduciary Trust Co. operates as a nondepository trust company. The private company is based in Boston, MA and has subsidiaries in the United States.

Western Asset Management Co. Pte Ltd. (Western Asset SG) is an investment advisory firm headquartered in Singapore. The firm is a subsidiary of Franklin Templeton Capital Holdings Pte Ltd., ultimately owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in the US. Western Asset SG was founded in 2000 to manage Asian (excluding Japan) fixed-income mandates, and provides input and analysis for the Asian portions of Western Asset’s broader portfolios, as well as servicing these relationships. It undertakes all types of investment-related activities including investment management, research and analysis, securities settlement, and client service.

Putnam US Holdings I LLC provides investment companies. The company is headquartered in Boston, MA.

The Putnam Advisory Co. LLC (PAC) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and hedge fund manager headquartered in The Putnam Advisory Co. LLC 76203, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1968 and is a subsidiary of Putnam Advisory Holdings II LLC, ultimately owned by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). PAC manages assets for institutional and international clients as well as various pooled investment funds.

Putnam Investments Ltd. (PIL) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1982 and is a subsidiary of Putnam Advisory Holdings II LLC, ultimately owned by Power Financial Corp. in Canada. PIL is an active asset manager that provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

Part of Franklin Resources, Inc., Western Asset Management Co., Ltd. (Japan) is an investment firm that provides investment advisory services. The company is based in Tokyo, Japan. The CEO of the Japanese company is James William Hirschmann.

Clearbridge Investments Ltd. operates as an investment management company. It focuses exclusively on global listed infrastructure, which provides its services to trustees of Australian superannuation funds, mutual funds, and investment companies registered outside U.S. The company was founded by Richard Elmslie and Nick Langley on August 20, 2006 and is headquartered in Sydney, Australia.

Western Asset Management Co. Pty Ltd. (Western Asset) is the Australian investment management subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc., which is owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NSYE: BEN) in the US. Headquartered in Melbourne, Western Asset provides global fixed-income investment management services for a wide variety of clients.